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找寻抗体，试剂，细胞裂解液，试剂盒
Hoechst33342/PI细胞凋亡染色试剂盒
产品简介：
Hoechst33342/PI细胞凋亡染色试剂盒(Hoechst 33342/PI Apoptotis Assay Kit)是一种采用Hoechst 33342和碘化丙啶(Propidium Iodide，PI)双荧光染色方法进行细胞周期与细胞坏死分析的检测试剂盒。单纯的PI染色能够观察DNA直方图上凋亡细胞的亚G1峰，但只能代表G0/G1期发生凋亡，无法观察S期和G2期发生的细胞凋亡，而且细胞经过固定后无法对活细胞和死细胞进行区分。Hoechst 33342可以穿透细胞膜，进入正常细胞和凋亡细胞与DNA结合，能在紫外线下显示蓝色荧光，而且染色后凋亡细胞荧光会比正常细胞明显增强。PI不能穿透细胞膜，对于具有完整细胞膜的正常细胞或凋亡细胞不能染色。而对于坏死细胞，其细胞膜的完整性丧失，PI可以穿透细胞膜使坏死细胞着色产生红色荧光。
Hoechst 33342/PI双染后，可在流式细胞仪上将正常细胞、凋亡细胞和坏死细胞区别开来。在二元直方图上，正常细胞对Hoechst33342具有拒染性，呈弱蓝色荧光＋弱红色荧光(Hoechst 33342+/PI+)；凋亡细胞对Hoechst33342具有嗜染性，呈强蓝色荧光+弱红色荧光(Hoechst 33342++/PI+)；坏死细胞对PI具有嗜染性，呈弱蓝色荧光＋强红色荧光。本试剂盒亦可用荧光显微镜进行观察，检测细胞含量范围一般为0.1～1×106之间。
自备材料：
胰蛋白酶消化液
流式细胞仪或荧光显微镜
PBS
细胞计数板
操作步骤(仅供参考)：
1、细胞样品的制备：
⑴贴壁细胞：
①小心收集细胞培养液到一个无菌离心管内备用。
②用胰蛋白酶消化细胞至细胞可以被轻轻用移液管或枪头吹打下来时，加入前面收集的细胞培养液，吹打下所有的贴壁细胞，并轻轻吹散细胞。
③收集上述细胞悬液到离心管内，4℃ 1000g离心3～5min，使细胞沉到管底，小心吸取上清并丢弃，可留大约50μl培养液，以免吸走细胞。
④加入约1ml提前预冷的PBS，重悬细胞，并转移至1.5ml无菌离心管，4℃ 1000g离心3～5min，使细胞沉到管底。
⑤小心吸取上清并丢弃，可留大约50μl PBS，以免吸走细胞。轻轻弹击离心管底以适当分散细胞，避免细胞成团。
⑵悬浮细胞：
①4℃ 1000g离心3～5min，使细胞沉到管底，小心吸取上清并丢弃，可留大约50μl培养液，以免吸走细胞。
②加入约1ml提前预冷的PBS，重悬细胞，并转移至1.5ml无菌离心管，4℃ 1000g离心3～5min，使细胞沉到管底。
③小心吸取上清并丢弃，可留大约50μl PBS，以免吸走细胞，轻轻弹击离心管底以适当分散细胞，避免细胞成团。
2、配制Cell Stain Buffer工作液：取适量Cell Stain Buffer(2×)与无菌去离子水或蒸馏水等比例混合，即为Cell Stain Buffer工作液，4℃保存备用。
3、重悬细胞：取上述收集好的0.1～1×106细胞，加入0.9ml Cell Stain Buffer工作液，重悬细胞沉淀。
4、Hoechst 33342/PI染色：
⑴一步法：加入5μl Hoechst 33342 Stain和5μl PI Stain，轻轻混匀， 置于冰浴或4℃，孵育20～30min。
⑵两步法：
①加入5μl Hoechst 33342 Stain，置于37℃水浴，孵育5～15min
②置于冰水中冷却后，4℃ 1000g离心3～5min，使细胞沉到管底，弃上层染色液。
③加入0.9ml Cell Stain Buffer工作液，重悬细胞沉淀。
④加入5μl PI Stain， 置于冰浴或4℃，孵育20～30min。
5、检测与分析：用流式细胞仪在激发波长400～500nm检测蓝色荧光，在大于630nm处检测红色荧光，同时检测光散射情况。采用适当分析软件进行细胞DNA含量分析和光散射分析。如果使用荧光显微镜检测，检测前4℃ 1000g离心3～5min沉淀细胞，用PBS洗涤一次，再涂片观察红色荧光和蓝色荧光。对于贴壁细胞使用荧光显微镜检测，亦可不收集细胞，弃培养液后直接依次按照上述比例加入试剂(A)、试剂(B)、试剂(C)，冰浴或4℃染色20～30min。染色后PBS洗涤一次，再在荧光显微镜下观察。
染色结果：在蓝色荧光对红色荧光的散点图上，正常细胞呈低蓝光/低红光，凋亡细胞呈高蓝光/低红光，坏死细胞呈低蓝光/高红光。
注意事项：
荧光染料都存在淬灭的问题，建议染色后尽快检测。
在为了获得细胞沉淀的离心的过程中，对于特殊细胞，如果细胞沉淀不充分，可以适当提高离心力或延长离心时间。
Heochst 33342与细胞孵育的时间不宜过长，一般控制在20min以内。太长容易引起Heochst 33342的发射光谱由蓝光向红光迁移，导致红色荧光与兰色荧光的比例改变。
如果用于组织的细胞周期与细胞凋亡检测，则必须把组织消化后，制备成单细胞悬液，才可以进行检测
PI对人体有刺激性，请注意适当防护。
为了您的安全和健康，请穿实验服并戴一次性手套操作。
酶联生物经过不断的实验优化和改进，积累了大量的经验，拥有专业的酶联研发团队。利用专业的酶联免疫技术自主研发的elisa试剂盒，能对血清及其它样本定量检测抗原，定性检测特异性抗体。优质的试剂，先进的仪器和正确的操作是保证ELISA检测结果准确可靠的必要条件。ELISA检测的方便性、稳定性、重复性和可靠性方面都具有很大的优势。
ELISA检测技术服务内容：
1、双抗体夹心法检测抗原 2、间接法检测抗体 3、为客户提供各种ELISA技术进行样本检测。
以上代测费，凡购买本公司试剂盒，我们免费代测！
凡购买本公司目录任何一种酶联免疫检测试剂盒，您只需将需要检测的动物（Human, Rat, Mouse, Rabbit, Monkey,
Pig……）种类和检测指标（白介素类、激素类）及标本数量（48T/96T）通知公司业务员即可。在接到客户标本当日起，现货产品一周内将检测报告交到客户手中！
欢迎各科研单位在各种项目上与我们公司开展不同层次的密切合作，以双赢求发展，共同进步，为中国检测事业的发展积累经验。
二、样本要求
在收集标本前都必须有一个完整的计划，必须清楚要检测的成份是否足够稳定。我们提倡新鲜标本尽早检测，对收集后当天就进行检测的标本，及时储存在4℃备用，如有特殊原因需要周期收集标本，请造模取材后，将标本及时分装后放在-20℃或-70℃条件下保存。因冰室与室温存在一定温差，蛋白极易降解，直接影响实验质量，所以避免反复冻融。代测放免标本的客户取材前须向我司销售人员索要说明书，具体操作注意事项请与我司技术人员沟通。
液体类标本：标本必须为液体，不含沉淀。包括血清、血浆、尿液、胸腹水、脑脊液、细胞培养上清、组织匀浆等。
血清：室温血液自然凝固10-20分钟后，离心20分钟左右（2000-3000转/分）。收集上清。如有沉淀形成，应再次离心。
血浆：应根据试剂盒的要求选择EDTA、柠檬酸钠或肝素作为抗凝剂，加入10%（v/v）抗凝剂(0.1M柠檬酸钠或1%heparin 或2.0%EDTA.Na2)混合10-20分钟后，离心20分钟左右（2000-3000转/分）。仔细收集上清。如有沉淀形成，应再次离心。
尿液、胸腹水、脑脊液：用无菌管收集。离心20分钟左右（2000-3000转/分）。仔细收集上清。如有沉淀形成，应再次离心。
细胞培养上清：检测分泌性的成份时，用无菌管收集。离心20分钟左右（2000-3000转/分）。仔细收集上清。检测细胞内的成份时，用PBS（PH7.0-7.4）稀释细胞悬液，细胞浓度达到100万/ml左右。通过反复冻融，以使细胞破坏并放出细胞内成份。离心20分钟左右（2000-3000转/分）。仔细收集上清。保存过程中如有沉淀形成，应再次离心。
组织标本：切割标本后，称取重量。加入一定量的PBS，缓冲液中可加入1μg/L蛋白酶抑制剂或50U/ml的Aprotinin（抑肽酶）。用手工或匀浆器将标本匀浆充分。离心20分钟左右（2000-3000转/分）。仔细收集上清置于-20度或-70度保存，如有必要，可以将样品浓缩干燥。分装后一份待检测，其余冷冻备用。
三、寄标本时需注明以下情况：
1、标本编号；2、所测项目；3、是否做复孔；3、联系方式；4、实验后标本是否寄回。
客户须知：
客户应对所提供的材料及信息负责，如因客户提供的材料及信息不准确而引起的实验延误或经济损失由客户承担。
Q:1.
how to collect samples and preparation of ELISA?
Performed by ELISA test is generally common clinical samples including blood (finger
blood, blood), urine, feces, cerebrospinal fluid, pleural effusion, prostatic fluid,
semen, vaginal secretions, which
Some time of sample collection, preservation methods and has certain requirements.
Collection (a) clinical specimens
A, blood samples:Some physiological factors, such as smoking, eating, exercise, mood
swings, pregnancy, postural changes in blood can affect certain ingredients, even some
of diurnal variation. Therefore, blood samples
Acquisition should avoid interference physiological factors, consistent with appropriate
conditions, such as can not be avoided, should indicate the factors on the specimen.
1. Peripheral:Usually select the inside of blood left ring finger, the portion should be
no frostbite, inflammation, edema, damage. If the site does not meet the requirements to
other parts of the fingers instead. For burn patients, optional leather
Intact skin at the blood. As part of routine blood tests (eg, white blood cell count,
sort, etc.) affected by physiological factors fluctuation is too large, when compared to
the conditional should be consistent. It relates to the body, blood clotting function
Can test items (such as platelet count, bleeding time or clotting time) testing, we must
pay attention to understand whether the patient used anticoagulant, procoagulant drugs
in order to reduce or avoid interfering factors
influences.
2. Blood:In addition to involving a variety of projects such as hemostasis and
thrombosis detector requires the use of anticoagulated blood plasma, the current
analysis to detect the vast majority of projects can be directly detected using blood
serum. In the serum test items
, Some (such as blood sugar, blood fat) diet and circadian factors influenced, fasting
blood samples were generally appropriate; some decay rapidly in the blood (serum enzyme
activity assay such as ACP activity, etc.),
0 ~ 4 ℃ storage is not an activity decreased, the detection of these projects must be
timely and fast; some (such as creatine kinase) influenced by exercise and other
factors. Avoid hemolysis occurs when blood is also important
And, more particularly potassium, LDH and other measurement.
B, urine samples:With the same blood samples, urine samples affect diet, exercise,
medication and other factors that are also large, especially on the diet, so the morning
urine generally superior to random urine. Means getting up early morning urine
After the first urine specimens, representing concentrated and acidified visible
components (such as blood cells, epithelial cells, tubular) easy to observe the relative
concentration. Random urine that is a random urine specimens convenient, but by diet,
Sports, and even more the influence of drugs, prone to false positive and false negative
results, such as diet proteinuria, glucosuria diet, vitamin C interference occult blood
results and the like. Postprandial urine (patient 2 hours after lunch, collected
Human Urine) suitable for urine, urine protein and urobilinogen check urine samples at
this time to increase the sensitivity of the test, the detection of minor lesions. 12
hours in urine cell count is Addis count (last night 8:00
After emptying the bladder to all specimens of urine 8 o'clock the next morning),
because a long time, easy to breed bacteria shall be added preservative formaldehyde.
24-hour urine (the first day of the morning after emptying the bladder specimens from
8:00 to 8:00 the next morning
All urine) quantification of chemical substances, including proteins, sugars, urinary
17-one, 17-hydroxy steroids, catecholamines, Ca2 +, etc., to detect different
substances, choose a different preservative preservative. clean
Urine used for urine bacterial culture requires sterile specimens were taken after
washing the vulva. Urine specimens should be enough to collect all, at least 12 ml,
preferably 50 ml, the timing must collect all the urine of women
Patients should avoid vaginal secretions, blood contamination of urine specimens.
C, stool samples:Stool samples for the detection judgment digestive diseases has
important reference value. Collection requirements with a clean bamboo select faecal
mucus, pus and blood components and other abnormality, no abnormal appearance
Droppings shall be drawn from multiple surface and deep manure end. Get parasitemia and
for egg counts should be collected 24 hours feces. Dysentery amoeba trophozoites check
should immediately check in after a bowel movement, and from there sepsis
Softer at the drawn, insulation inspection. Charles S. japonicum eggs should take mucus,
pus and blood portion 30g stool specimens from at least miracidia hatching, and to be
treated as soon as possible. Check pinworm eggs must use transparent film swab
Night before 12:00 or early in the morning from defecation wrinkled folds around the
anus and immediately swabbing at microscopic examination. Occult blood test (chemistry),
fasting before the test on the 3rd of meat and foods containing animal blood and ban
clothing iron, vitamin C and so on.
Should be checked in all 1 hour stool specimen collection is completed, in order to
prevent damage to physical components of digestive enzymes and pH by. For clinical
samples above the detection indicators.
D, CSF samples:CSF samples collected immediately after submission, place too long will
affect the test results: such as cell degeneration, destruction, leading to counting and
classification are not allowed; some chemicals such as glucose content will decompose
Save
Less; bacteria occur autolysis affect bacteria detection rate. Cerebrospinal fluid
extracted three general dispensing a sterile tube, the first tube for bacterial culture,
a second tube for chemical analysis and immunological tests, the third tube for general
Characters and microscopic examination, three of the order should be reversed. Specimen
collection is difficult because all inspection and testing process should pay attention
to safety.
E, ascites and pleural effusion samples:CSF samples with the same attention to safety
after the specimen collection, and timely submission. Generally separated into three
tubes, one for routine cytology, a biochemical examination, a bacterial culture, in
order
CSF same is appropriate.
F, prostatic fluid sample:Prostatic fluid specimen after prostate massage by the
acquisition, directly drop when less liquid on a glass slide and timely submission shall
be taken to prevent sample evaporation to dryness, the amount collected for a long time
in a clean, dry test tube. If massage
No prostatic fluid, urine sediment can be checked after the massage.
G, semen samples:Abstinence before semen collection should be 3 to 7 days, drain the
urine after masturbation or other available methods of semen directly into clean
containers, insulation and timely submission. Due to changes in sperm production during
the day and
Large, generally should be checked 2 to 3 times (each time interval of 1 to 2 weeks) in
order to make a diagnosis.
H, samples of vaginal secretions:Vaginal samples were collected 24 hours before
intercourse should be prohibited, bath, vaginal examination, vaginal lavage and local on
the drug, etc., drawing instruments used need to be cleaned. Usually with brine-soaked
cotton swab from the vagina deep
Or rear vaginal fornix, cervical canal mouth drawn, etc., made after saline smear
vaginal secretion samples observation, women with menstrual vaginal secretions were not
checking.
2, do before each sample by ELISA experiment how to prepare?
Before collecting the sample must have a comprehensive plan must clearly be detected
component is stable enough. To be collected on the same day
Sample testing, and timely backup stored at 4 ℃. For the next day re-testing samples
frozen in a timely manner after dispensing -20 ℃ spare, conditional, preferably -70 ℃
cryopreservation standby. Avoid repeated freezing and thawing specimens
.
Liquid samples: including serum, plasma, urine, pleural effusion, cerebrospinal fluid,
cell culture supernatant and the like.
1. serum:
Coagulation at room temperature 10-20 mins, centrifugation 20 minutes or so (2000-3000
rev / min). Carefully collect the supernatant. If precipitation during storage,
Centrifugal again.
2. Plasma:
EDTA should be selected according to the requirements of the specimen, sodium citrate or
heparin as an anticoagulant, mix 10-20 mins, centrifugation 20 minutes or so (2000-3000
rev / min). Carefully collect the supernatant. Save process
If precipitation appeared, Centrifugal again.
3. Urine:
Sterile collection tube. Centrifuged for 20 minutes or so (2000-3000 rev / min).
Carefully collect the supernatant. If precipitation during storage, Centrifugal again.
Pleural and peritoneal effusions, and cerebrospinal fluid Reference to this practice.
4. The cell culture supernatant:
The detection of secretory component with a sterile collection tube. Centrifuged for 20
minutes or so (2000-3000 rev / min). Carefully collect the supernatant.
5. cultured cells
????When the detection of intracellular components, diluted with PBS (PH7.2-7.4) cell
suspension, the cell concentration reached 1 million / ml or so. By repeated freezing
and thawing or tissue protein extraction reagent was added to the cells
Damage and release of intracellular components. Centrifuged for 20 minutes or so
(2000-3000 rev / min). Carefully collect the supernatant. If precipitation during
storage, Centrifugal again.
6. tissues
