细胞名称 :  moc1/moc2小鼠口腔鳞状细胞癌/雌性

 

细胞品系 :  C57BL/6 Cxcr3-/-

 

细胞来源 :  国外

 

细胞鉴定 :  STR鉴定已通过

 

细胞形态 :  淋巴母多角形细胞样,贴壁+悬浮生长

 

培 养 基 :  DMEM(含NaHCO3 1.5g/L)(BasMed-AW-013)+FBS 10% + P/S1%500ML完全培养基：IMDM:F10/F12=2:1313ml:157ml培养基+FBS10%(50ml）+2.5mg/500ml胰岛素+20ug/500ml氢化可的松+2.5ug/500ml EGF+ P/S  1% 双抗，1%。

 

培养条件 :  气相：空气，95%；二氧化碳，5%。 温度：37摄氏度，培养箱湿度为70%-80%

 

细胞背景 :  
口腔鳞状细胞癌(OSCC)是头颈癌的一个突出子集，头颈癌是全球第六大常见癌症。发生OSCC的主要危险因素是致癌物暴露，将头颈癌的这一亚群与人瘤病毒诱导的头颈癌区分开来。
尽管在检测、手术、化疗和放疗方面取得了进展，但OSCC的预后几十年来一直保持稳定。此外，在诊断时，大约三分之二的OSCC患者患有局部晚期疾病，导致发病率和死亡率增加。

 

细胞用途 :  仅供科研使用

 

注意事项

1. MOC1细胞活性特别高，增值速度非常快，不建议传代密度太大，而选择稀一点重铺，等长满80%左右传代的时候，很难消化下来，建议加入0.25%EDTA的胰酶进去后充分混匀所有细胞都接触到胰酶，放置到培

养箱进行消化，时长大约是3-4分钟左右后拿出来

2. 在培养器皿的侧边进行拍打帮助细胞脱落，拍打过程大约持续2分钟左右才会脱落大部分细胞，如果脱落比例还不是很多，也可以重新放回培养箱继续消化1-2分钟后再次拿出来进行拍打脱落，等80-90%细胞都脱

落后再终止消化，离心重悬再重新铺瓶，分散均匀。 

3. MOC2细胞贴壁性和常规细胞类似没有特别牢固。倍增周期也没有MOC1快。采用常规消化方法处理。

 

常温发货

收到后T25瓶消毒再放置培养箱静置2-3小时后观察密度和状态拍照2-3张反馈给销售，密度达标就可以传代。前期传代比例1:2，等再次长满后传代时建议冻存其中一整瓶成1个1ml冻存管，

另外一瓶继续传代，反复冻存2-3只后才扩增做实验，以防突发情况引起断种。

 

干冰发货

常规细胞发货冻存管2只，复苏1只，另外一只备用，第一个复苏不成功时严格按照厂家要求复苏第二个，均没有复苏成功的情况即时留存复苏照片通知我们。

 

贴壁细胞

1. 弃去培养上清，用不含钙、镁离子的PBS润洗细胞1-2次。

2. 加入0.25％(w / v）胰蛋白酶-0.53 mM EDTA于培养瓶中(T25瓶1-2mL，T75瓶2-3mL），置于37℃培养箱中消化1-2分钟(难消化的细胞可以适当延长消化时间），然后在显微镜下观察细胞消化情况，若细胞大部分

变圆并脱落，迅速拿回操作台，轻敲几下培养瓶后加入3-4ml含10%FBS的培养基来终止消化。 

3. 轻轻打匀后吸出，在1000RPM条件下离心3-5min，弃去上清液，补加1-2mL培养液后吹匀。将细胞悬液按1：2的比例分到新T25瓶/6cm培养皿中，添加6-8ml按照说明书要求配置的新的完全培养基以保持细胞的

生长活力，后续传代根据实际情况按1:2~1:5的比例进行。

4. 细胞冻存: 收到细胞后建议在培养前3代时冻存一批细胞种子以备后续实验使用。

5. 运输用的培养基(灌液培养基)不能再用来培养细胞，请换用按照说明书细胞培养条件新配制的完全培养基来培养细胞。 

 

悬浮细胞

悬浮状态下生长的细胞，可以通过向培养瓶中添加完全培养基来维持细胞的生长状态，一般情况下细胞密度维持在1×10⁵~1×10⁶个/mL(不同细胞对密度要求不同）可以维持细胞的正常生长。如需分瓶可以将细胞悬

液收集到离心管中1000rpm，离心5min，弃去上清，补加1-2mL培养液后重悬混匀后将细胞悬液按1：2的比例分到新T25瓶中，添加6-8ml按照说明书要求配置的新的完全培养基以保持细胞的生长活力，后续传代根

据实际情况按1:2~1:4的比例进行。

 

生物安全

1. 所有动物细胞均视为有潜在的生物危害性，必须在二级生物安全台内操作，并请注意防护，所有废液及接触过此细胞的器皿需要灭菌后方能丢弃。

2. 建议在复苏冻存细胞时始终使用防护手套、衣服和戴上防护面罩。注意：冻存管浸没在液氮中会泄漏，并会慢慢充满液氮。解冻时，液氮转化成气相可能导致容器爆炸或用危险力吹掉其盖子，从而产生飞扬的碎屑造成人员伤害。

 

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评论内容：

• (HA-VSMC)人主动脉血管平滑肌细胞
• (HASMC)人主动脉平滑肌细胞
• (Mo7e)人巨细胞白血病细胞株
• (KGN)人卵巢颗粒细胞
• (HCC-15)人肺癌细胞
• (SGC-7901/DDP)人胃癌细胞顺铂耐药株
• (DiFi)人结直肠腺癌细胞
• (CCC-HEH-2)人胚胎心肌组织来源细胞
• (A2780/Taxol)人卵巢癌紫杉醇耐药株
• (KYSE-520)人食管鳞癌细胞
• (HKF)人瘢痕疙瘩成纤维细胞
• (HIC)人小肠癌细胞
• (Vero E6)猴肾细胞系
• (OCIMY5)骨髓瘤细胞
• (HuH-7)人肝癌细胞
• (SHG-44)人胶质瘤细胞
• (VX-2)鳞癌(兔模型)
• (BV-173)人白血病细胞系
• (HEEC)人正常食管上皮细胞
• (HCoEpiC)人正常结肠上皮细胞
• (B6YH4)小鼠杂交瘤细胞(支原体阳性株)
• (CIK)草鱼肾脏细胞
• (Pan02)小鼠胰腺癌细胞
• (IGROV-1)人卵巢子宫内膜样腺癌
• (2BS)人二倍体细胞/人胚肺成纤维
• (BAF3)小鼠原B细胞株
• (BT-325)人脑多型胶质母细胞瘤细胞
• (L8824)草鱼肝脏细胞
• (RGC-5)小鼠视网膜神经节细胞
• (SACC-83)人涎腺腺样囊性癌细胞
• (SKM-1)人急性髓原白血病细胞
• (HuH28)人胆管癌细胞
• (KYSE30)人食道癌肿瘤细胞
• (CaES-17)人食管癌细胞
• (HFSF)人胚胎眼巩膜成纤维细胞
• (hEM15A)人子宫内膜异位症患者在位内膜间质细胞永生化细胞
• (DC2.4)小鼠骨髓树突状细胞
• (HSPC-1)人造血干细胞
• (TCam-2)人睾丸精原瘤细胞
• (HL-1)小鼠心肌细胞
• (HCT-8/FU)人结直肠癌氟尿嘧啶耐药细胞株
• (TU212)人喉癌细胞
• (HCEC)人角膜上皮细胞
• (Eca-109/VCR)人食管癌长春新碱耐药株
• (OCM-1)人眼脉络膜黑色素瘤细胞
• (HuH-1)肝细胞癌
• (SRA01/04(HLE))人晶体上皮永生系
• (HCT-8/Taxol)人结肠癌紫杉醇耐药株
• (KYSE450)人食道癌肿瘤细胞
• (MB49)小鼠膀胱癌细胞
• (GNM)人口腔鳞癌颈淋巴结转移癌细胞
• (HuH-6)人肝母细胞瘤细胞
• (HCC-78)人肺腺癌细胞
• (RS1)大鼠皮肤成纤维样细胞
• (OCI-LY10)弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤细胞
• (HSF)人皮肤成纤维细胞
• (HARA-B)人肺癌鳞癌细胞
• (OCI-Ly3)人B细胞淋巴瘤细胞
• (KYSE-410)人食道癌肿瘤细胞
• (HCT-8)人回盲肠癌细胞

酶联生物经过不断的实验优化和改进，积累了大量的经验，拥有专业的酶联研发团队。利用专业的酶联免疫技术自主研发的elisa试剂盒，能对血清及其它样本定量检测抗原，定性检测特异性抗体。优质的试剂，先进的仪器和正确的操作是保证ELISA检测结果准确可靠的必要条件。ELISA检测的方便性、稳定性、重复性和可靠性方面都具有很大的优势。

ELISA检测技术服务内容：
1、双抗体夹心法检测抗原 2、间接法检测抗体 3、为客户提供各种ELISA技术进行样本检测。

以上代测费，凡购买本公司试剂盒，我们免费代测！
凡购买本公司目录任何一种酶联免疫检测试剂盒，您只需将需要检测的动物（Human, Rat, Mouse, Rabbit, Monkey, Pig……）种类和检测指标（白介素类、激素类）及标本数量（48T/96T）通知公司业务员即可。在接到客户标本当日起，现货产品一周内将检测报告交到客户手中！
欢迎各科研单位在各种项目上与我们公司开展不同层次的密切合作，以双赢求发展，共同进步，为中国检测事业的发展积累经验。

二、样本要求
在收集标本前都必须有一个完整的计划，必须清楚要检测的成份是否足够稳定。我们提倡新鲜标本尽早检测，对收集后当天就进行检测的标本，及时储存在4℃备用，如有特殊原因需要周期收集标本，请造模取材后，将标本及时分装后放在-20℃或-70℃条件下保存。因冰室与室温存在一定温差，蛋白极易降解，直接影响实验质量，所以避免反复冻融。代测放免标本的客户取材前须向我司销售人员索要说明书，具体操作注意事项请与我司技术人员沟通。

液体类标本：标本必须为液体，不含沉淀。包括血清、血浆、尿液、胸腹水、脑脊液、细胞培养上清、组织匀浆等。

血清：室温血液自然凝固10-20分钟后，离心20分钟左右（2000-3000转/分）。收集上清。如有沉淀形成，应再次离心。

血浆：应根据试剂盒的要求选择EDTA、柠檬酸钠或肝素作为抗凝剂，加入10%（v/v）抗凝剂(0.1M柠檬酸钠或1%heparin 或2.0%EDTA.Na2)混合10-20分钟后，离心20分钟左右（2000-3000转/分）。仔细收集上清。如有沉淀形成，应再次离心。

尿液、胸腹水、脑脊液：用无菌管收集。离心20分钟左右（2000-3000转/分）。仔细收集上清。如有沉淀形成，应再次离心。

细胞培养上清：检测分泌性的成份时，用无菌管收集。离心20分钟左右（2000-3000转/分）。仔细收集上清。检测细胞内的成份时，用PBS（PH7.0-7.4）稀释细胞悬液，细胞浓度达到100万/ml左右。通过反复冻融，以使细胞破坏并放出细胞内成份。离心20分钟左右（2000-3000转/分）。仔细收集上清。保存过程中如有沉淀形成，应再次离心。

组织标本：切割标本后，称取重量。加入一定量的PBS，缓冲液中可加入1μg/L蛋白酶抑制剂或50U/ml的Aprotinin（抑肽酶）。用手工或匀浆器将标本匀浆充分。离心20分钟左右（2000-3000转/分）。仔细收集上清置于-20度或-70度保存，如有必要，可以将样品浓缩干燥。分装后一份待检测，其余冷冻备用。

三、寄标本时需注明以下情况：
1、标本编号；2、所测项目；3、是否做复孔；3、联系方式；4、实验后标本是否寄回。

客户须知：
客户应对所提供的材料及信息负责，如因客户提供的材料及信息不准确而引起的实验延误或经济损失由客户承担。

Q:1. how to collect samples and preparation of ELISA?
Performed by ELISA test is generally common clinical samples including blood (finger blood, blood), urine, feces, cerebrospinal fluid, pleural effusion, prostatic fluid, semen, vaginal secretions, which
Some time of sample collection, preservation methods and has certain requirements.
Collection (a) clinical specimens
A, blood samples:Some physiological factors, such as smoking, eating, exercise, mood swings, pregnancy, postural changes in blood can affect certain ingredients, even some of diurnal variation. Therefore, blood samples
Acquisition should avoid interference physiological factors, consistent with appropriate conditions, such as can not be avoided, should indicate the factors on the specimen.
1. Peripheral:Usually select the inside of blood left ring finger, the portion should be no frostbite, inflammation, edema, damage. If the site does not meet the requirements to other parts of the fingers instead. For burn patients, optional leather
Intact skin at the blood. As part of routine blood tests (eg, white blood cell count, sort, etc.) affected by physiological factors fluctuation is too large, when compared to the conditional should be consistent. It relates to the body, blood clotting function
Can test items (such as platelet count, bleeding time or clotting time) testing, we must pay attention to understand whether the patient used anticoagulant, procoagulant drugs in order to reduce or avoid interfering factors
influences.
2. Blood:In addition to involving a variety of projects such as hemostasis and thrombosis detector requires the use of anticoagulated blood plasma, the current analysis to detect the vast majority of projects can be directly detected using blood serum. In the serum test items
, Some (such as blood sugar, blood fat) diet and circadian factors influenced, fasting blood samples were generally appropriate; some decay rapidly in the blood (serum enzyme activity assay such as ACP activity, etc.),
0 ~ 4 ℃ storage is not an activity decreased, the detection of these projects must be timely and fast; some (such as creatine kinase) influenced by exercise and other factors. Avoid hemolysis occurs when blood is also important
And, more particularly potassium, LDH and other measurement.
B, urine samples:With the same blood samples, urine samples affect diet, exercise, medication and other factors that are also large, especially on the diet, so the morning urine generally superior to random urine. Means getting up early morning urine
After the first urine specimens, representing concentrated and acidified visible components (such as blood cells, epithelial cells, tubular) easy to observe the relative concentration. Random urine that is a random urine specimens convenient, but by diet,
Sports, and even more the influence of drugs, prone to false positive and false negative results, such as diet proteinuria, glucosuria diet, vitamin C interference occult blood results and the like. Postprandial urine (patient 2 hours after lunch, collected
Human Urine) suitable for urine, urine protein and urobilinogen check urine samples at this time to increase the sensitivity of the test, the detection of minor lesions. 12 hours in urine cell count is Addis count (last night 8:00
After emptying the bladder to all specimens of urine 8 o'clock the next morning), because a long time, easy to breed bacteria shall be added preservative formaldehyde. 24-hour urine (the first day of the morning after emptying the bladder specimens from 8:00 to 8:00 the next morning
All urine) quantification of chemical substances, including proteins, sugars, urinary 17-one, 17-hydroxy steroids, catecholamines, Ca2 +, etc., to detect different substances, choose a different preservative preservative. clean
Urine used for urine bacterial culture requires sterile specimens were taken after washing the vulva. Urine specimens should be enough to collect all, at least 12 ml, preferably 50 ml, the timing must collect all the urine of women
Patients should avoid vaginal secretions, blood contamination of urine specimens.
C, stool samples:Stool samples for the detection judgment digestive diseases has important reference value. Collection requirements with a clean bamboo select faecal mucus, pus and blood components and other abnormality, no abnormal appearance
Droppings shall be drawn from multiple surface and deep manure end. Get parasitemia and for egg counts should be collected 24 hours feces. Dysentery amoeba trophozoites check should immediately check in after a bowel movement, and from there sepsis
Softer at the drawn, insulation inspection. Charles S. japonicum eggs should take mucus, pus and blood portion 30g stool specimens from at least miracidia hatching, and to be treated as soon as possible. Check pinworm eggs must use transparent film swab
Night before 12:00 or early in the morning from defecation wrinkled folds around the anus and immediately swabbing at microscopic examination. Occult blood test (chemistry), fasting before the test on the 3rd of meat and foods containing animal blood and ban clothing iron, vitamin C and so on.
Should be checked in all 1 hour stool specimen collection is completed, in order to prevent damage to physical components of digestive enzymes and pH by. For clinical samples above the detection indicators.
D, CSF samples:CSF samples collected immediately after submission, place too long will affect the test results: such as cell degeneration, destruction, leading to counting and classification are not allowed; some chemicals such as glucose content will decompose Save
Less; bacteria occur autolysis affect bacteria detection rate. Cerebrospinal fluid extracted three general dispensing a sterile tube, the first tube for bacterial culture, a second tube for chemical analysis and immunological tests, the third tube for general
Characters and microscopic examination, three of the order should be reversed. Specimen collection is difficult because all inspection and testing process should pay attention to safety.
E, ascites and pleural effusion samples:CSF samples with the same attention to safety after the specimen collection, and timely submission. Generally separated into three tubes, one for routine cytology, a biochemical examination, a bacterial culture, in order
CSF same is appropriate.
F, prostatic fluid sample:Prostatic fluid specimen after prostate massage by the acquisition, directly drop when less liquid on a glass slide and timely submission shall be taken to prevent sample evaporation to dryness, the amount collected for a long time in a clean, dry test tube. If massage
No prostatic fluid, urine sediment can be checked after the massage.
G, semen samples:Abstinence before semen collection should be 3 to 7 days, drain the urine after masturbation or other available methods of semen directly into clean containers, insulation and timely submission. Due to changes in sperm production during the day and
Large, generally should be checked 2 to 3 times (each time interval of 1 to 2 weeks) in order to make a diagnosis.
H, samples of vaginal secretions:Vaginal samples were collected 24 hours before intercourse should be prohibited, bath, vaginal examination, vaginal lavage and local on the drug, etc., drawing instruments used need to be cleaned. Usually with brine-soaked cotton swab from the vagina deep
Or rear vaginal fornix, cervical canal mouth drawn, etc., made after saline smear vaginal secretion samples observation, women with menstrual vaginal secretions were not checking.
2, do before each sample by ELISA experiment how to prepare?
Before collecting the sample must have a comprehensive plan must clearly be detected component is stable enough. To be collected on the same day Sample testing, and timely backup stored at 4 ℃. For the next day re-testing samples frozen in a timely manner after dispensing -20 ℃ spare, conditional, preferably -70 ℃ cryopreservation standby. Avoid repeated freezing and thawing specimens
. Liquid samples: including serum, plasma, urine, pleural effusion, cerebrospinal fluid, cell culture supernatant and the like.
1. serum:
Coagulation at room temperature 10-20 mins, centrifugation 20 minutes or so (2000-3000 rev / min). Carefully collect the supernatant. If precipitation during storage, Centrifugal again.
2. Plasma:
EDTA should be selected according to the requirements of the specimen, sodium citrate or heparin as an anticoagulant, mix 10-20 mins, centrifugation 20 minutes or so (2000-3000 rev / min). Carefully collect the supernatant. Save process
If precipitation appeared, Centrifugal again.
3. Urine:
Sterile collection tube. Centrifuged for 20 minutes or so (2000-3000 rev / min). Carefully collect the supernatant. If precipitation during storage, Centrifugal again. Pleural and peritoneal effusions, and cerebrospinal fluid Reference to this practice. 4. The cell culture supernatant:
The detection of secretory component with a sterile collection tube. Centrifuged for 20 minutes or so (2000-3000 rev / min). Carefully collect the supernatant.
5. cultured cells
????When the detection of intracellular components, diluted with PBS (PH7.2-7.4) cell suspension, the cell concentration reached 1 million / ml or so. By repeated freezing and thawing or tissue protein extraction reagent was added to the cells
Damage and release of intracellular components. Centrifuged for 20 minutes or so (2000-3000 rev / min). Carefully collect the supernatant. If precipitation during storage, Centrifugal again.
6. tissues
????After cutting samples, check the weight. Adding a certain amount of PBS, PH7.4. Rapidly frozen with liquid nitrogen. After thawing samples remained at 2-8 ℃. Adding a certain amount of PBS
(PH7.4), or tissue protein extraction reagent, or by hand homogenizer homogenized sample. Centrifuged for 20 minutes or so (2000-3000 rev / min). Carefully collect the supernatant. A new package to be detected, which
I alternate freezing.
Q:Do I have to run all of my standards and samples in duplicate?
A:Yes, the duplicates are run in order to monitor assay precision and increase confidence in the assay results obtained.
Q:Do I have to run all of my samples at one time?
A:No, each kit uses stripwell microplate. This allows the user to analyse different numbers of samples at different times.
Q:What types of reproducible results are obtained with the assays?
A:Each kit comes with a manual containing a graph of typical data obtained. Any variation in operator, pipetting and washing technique, incubation time or temperature, and kit age can cause variation in result. Each user should obtain their own standard curve.
Q:Is it possible to store the reagents other than indicated?
A:Storage of the kit components under conditions other than indicated is not recommended in order to assure proper performance of the test.
Q:How should I store my samples?
A:Samples should be stored at -20oC or lower temperature. For long-term storage, it is recommended to freeze them at -70oC -80oC.
Q:Can I modify the protocol?
A:BG ELISA kits have been optimized to provide the best possible results. Modifying the format or protocol may give inaccurate and wrong results.
Q:Can I use a sample type that is not recommended in the kit insert?
A:The kit has been validated for the sample types listed in the kit insert. Sample types other than those validated have not been tested. Contact Technical Service for further information.
Q:My samples generated values that were outside the dynamic range of the assay. Can I use these values?
A:It is recommended that only sample values that fall within the range of the standard curve be used. Values outside the range of the standard curve are generally non-linear, which can lead to incorrectly extrapolated values. Samples that generate values higher than the highest standard should be (further) diluted and the assay repeated. If samples fall below the range of the assay, the sample is considered to be non-detectable.
Q:Do I have to run a Blank or Zero Standards every time?
A:Yes, these are required for the calculations, and reflect any subtle but significant performance changes from day to day and assay to assay. They are also extremely helpful when troubleshooting the source of a particular assay problem.
Q:Can I alter the volume of sample I use in the assay?
A:It is not recommended that you alter the volumes since all BG kits are designed for optimal performance at the given volumes
Q:Can components from different kits be used?
A:Each kit contains components which have specific lot numbers to ensure that all of the components are performing optimally alone, as well as with all of the other components in the kit. QC testing is performed on these specific lots. It is never recommended to use your own components or components from other kits or vendors.
Q:My standard curve looked fine, but I didn’t get a signal in my sample when I expected to, why?
A:The sample may not contain the analyte. A matrix effect may be masking the detection. Ensure that the recommended dilution was followed as stated in the kit insert. If dilution was recommended, check to be sure that the dilution was performed properly. Over-dilution may cause the sample to fall below the range of the standard curve.
Q:How do you recommend I wash my plate?
A:If you are using an automated plate washer we recommend that the calibration be checked on a regular basis, and that the system is flushed with the Plate Washing Buffer prior to washing. The same is true for a manual washer. A repeater or a wash bottle can also be used. The user should be careful to ensure that all of the contents are aspirated and the plate tapped dry on lint-free paper.
Q:Do I need to use a plate shaker?
A:Reliable results can be obtained without a plate shaker, but the O.D.'s will generally be lower than those obtained using a plate shaker.
Q:Why do I have to use wavelength correction between 450-570nm?
A:For the ELISA assay, reading at dual wavelengths is done to correct for the optical density contributed by the plastic well, the lamp and optical fluctuations.
Q:If I extract my sample, do I still need to follow the recommended dilutions given in the kit insert?
A:The amount of sample dilution needed after an extraction procedure will be affected by the effects of purification and concentration in the protocol used. The amount of dilution or concentration will have to be determined by the end-user.
Q:What is the expected concentration of analyte that I should expect to find?
A:The amount of a given analyte may vary not only from species-to-species, but also between tissue and cellular sources. The best source of this information is the current literature that is easily accessed through the Internet at multiple scientific databases.
Q:My optical densities were a little higher (or lower) than those in the manual that came with my kit. Why?
A:The optical density is affected by a number of physical conditions such as time and temperature. We suggest that you shorten or lengthen the final incubation with substrate solution to compensate.
Q:What are the reasons for High Background?
A:1) Improper Washing: Check volume of washing buffer reservoir and make sure all recommended washing steps are performed. 2) Contaminated Substrate: Make sure there is no contamination of the substrate with metal ions or oxidizing reagents, before use. Keep the extra substrate solution separately during the ELISA substrate development time. 3) Substrate exposed to light: Exposure to light may result in a blue color of the substrate. Keep solutions in the dark (vial) until ready to dispense into the plate. 4) Wrong Incubation Times/Temperatures: Generally follow the test protocol regarding incubation times and temperatures. However, if all wells are intensely and equally colored with no intensity gradient observed in the standard dilution series, then it may be necessary to observe the substrate reaction as the color is developing, in order to stop the reaction sooner.